bio shizz Essay

bio shizz Essay bio shizz Essay Tempera and PH Effects on Enzyme’s Catalyze Reactions Introduction Enzymes are proteins and polymers of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain two groups of atoms identified as â€Å"amino group and carboxylic acid group† (Encyclopedia of Science, 5 Oct. 2013). Enzymes are billions of years old and are the end result of various chemical reactions. Richard Wolfenden, a biochemistry professor at the University of Ohio, explains that unique enzymes are needed to perform a particular function, such as chemical reactions and evolution processes. For example, DNA and RNA strands require the participation of enzymes to make them complete, and without these, the process would take millions of years. Wolfenden discovered that they contribute to a substance evolution that would take place in milliseconds versus two billion years in their absence. Chemical reactions performed by enzymes vary in weight. The scale starts at 10,000 Daltons, which is a unit of mass in the atomic units system, and it reaches 1,000,000. He highlights in h is research that for synthetic chemical reactions, the starting scale is reflected to be very substantial; therefore, enzymes are very unique. Enzymes that carry out â€Å"nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy† activities are singled out because they make it possible to see and study their movements that otherwise would be concealed (ScienceDaily, 6 Oct. 2013). Biologists have succeeded in reproducing chemical reactions in the lab to slow them down, and that helps them manufacture inhibitor drugs for different diseases such as high blood pressure. In our body, enzymes come together in greater numbers on the cells where they catalyze a reaction; therefore, examining a blood serum sample helps identify a disease because â€Å"damaged enzymes leak into the circulation from damaged cells and tissues† (Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Oct. 2013). Energy must be present for chemical reactions to be manifested, and the amount of time varies if enzymes are involved in the process. In addition, they catalyze or speed up reactions. Although energy is needed to start the reaction, it would take less time and less energy to complete it if catalysts are present. Some forms of energy are heat and electricity, but our body uses cellular respiration to collect chemical energy from the food we eat and change it to ATP energy that all cells need to work. We cannot live without enzymes because they are responsible for â€Å"thousands of chemical reactions† needed to perform various tasks in our body (Encyclopedia of Science, 5 Oct. 2013). Every life form that makes oxygen also makes Hydrogen Peroxide, which is a â€Å"bi-product of some chemical reactions† (Enzymes, 5 Oct. 2013). The human body produces catalase enzymes that get rid of this bi-product by transforming it into water and oxygen that cells use, otherwise cells wo uld be harmed. Primarily, proteins are created of amino acids, which respond to each other and come together, forming a strand that has a â€Å"tridimensional shape† (Encyclopedia of Science, 5 Oct. 2013). This shape makes it possible for proteins to join other molecules matching their own shape. Substrates are molecules that attach to enzymes and can be broken down by these during chemical reactions. Catalyst reactions do not destroy the enzymes; for this reason, they do this process over and over again. Usually, a reaction is blocked by a â€Å"small regulatory molecule† that join an enzyme in sites other than the active site, changing the enzyme’s shape and it no longer fits into its substrate (Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Oct. 2013). This concept is recognized as induce-fit theory that states that the â€Å"binding of substrates† either start or impede a reaction. The intent of these trials was to find out the degree of catalyze reaction as enzymes are exposed to different solutions as well as temperature effects. It is important to know how enzymes work and to know how they are affected by their surroundings because

10 Ways to Appear Smarter Than You Are

10 Ways to Appear Smarter Than You Are We can’t all be blessed with superhuman intelligence in order to get ahead in life. But it is helpful to be at least perceived as being smart- even if that involves a little finessing around the edges. Here are 10  things you can do to seem a lot smarter. Work at these and you’ll be fooling people with your fake genius in no time.1. Debunk one thing.Pick a faddish topic or a current news story- maybe one that’s spreading like wildfire through your feed. Then pick it apart. Are the sources reliable? The quotes correct? Is it doubly corroborated by a reputable news source? Are there counter positions? Other statistics that might conflict with the conclusion of the most posted article? Remember names and numbers for this one and bring it up every time the topic comes around.2. Wear glasses.It seems very silly, but it really works. If you wear glasses, chances are people will just assume you’re smart before you even open your mouth. If you need to make a big first impression and your IQ falls a bit behind your ambition, leave the contacts at home.3. Boost your vocab.The easiest and best thing you can do to improve your intelligence aura is to actually work to expand your vocabulary. Record yourself having a conversation. Notice any filler words, like â€Å"like† or â€Å"um† or â€Å"so†? Try going on a diet, getting rid of those words and putting really nutritious new (multisyllabic!) words in their place. Try signing up for a â€Å"word of the day† mailing list and try to use that word in conversation at least once that day.4. Teach yourself stuff.General knowledge is a great indicator of smarts. Pick a few topics that interest you, and go all in- even Wikipedia will do. In addition, consider learning all about a handful of really obscure things. People are very impressed by specialists.5. Write simply.Try to be as clear and concise as possible in all your written communications. The more efficient and eff ective you are, the smarter you will seem.6. Speak well.If two people say the same thing, but one says it better- i.e. more expressively, in a firmer tone with fewer pauses and more effect- then that person is going to seem naturally smarter and more trustworthy. Practice selling what you say.7. Skip the drink.You have much less control over what you say when you are drinking. Next time you’re at a work function? Go for the sparkling water. Then dazzle everyone as they get tipsier and more tongue-tied.8. Use your middle initial.Another silly one, but hey, it seems to work. Don’t people just seem more important if they have a middle initial? Think of John F. Kennedy or Robert B. Parker or Ulysses S. Grant. If you’ve got a good one, use it to your advantage.9. Believe in yourself.This is important. People can smell insecurity. Project poise and confidence and understanding, and really know that you’re capable of doing anything that comes your way. And if yo u can’t get there, fake it ’til you make it!10. Be still.Sometimes the person on the sidelines observing when everyone else is diving in is considered the wise (and sometimes judgmental) one. Practice waiting. Listening. Thinking before you speak or act. This sort of control will boost your emotional IQ and also make your brain IQ seem a little higher to an outside eye.